Iran Shifts Tactics as Attacks on Hormuz Shipping Intensify

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Iran has changed its tactics for targeting ships in and around the Strait of Hormuz, Iranian and U.S. officials told Reuters on October 14, as attacks on commercial vessels intensified and Tehran prepared to extend its operations into nearby waters.

Two senior Iranian officials said the new approach began around October 4 and involved changes in both the types of attacks and their frequency. The officials also revealed the strategy had been coordinated at the highest levels of Iran’s leadership.

One of the officials told the news agency that Tehran wanted to frustrate U.S. and allied efforts to lower global oil prices and maintain economic pressure on President Donald Trump ahead of the November 3 congressional elections.

A U.S. military official identified one operational change, saying Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had begun using unarmed spotters in small boats to locate potential targets and relay their positions to their command. The shift to this tactic followed U.S. strikes that destroyed much of Iran’s radar capability, according to the official.

The official said U.S. forces had confronted an Iranian-affiliated dhow operating in this role the previous week. After directing its occupants to abandon the vessel, U.S. forces destroyed it. No casualties were reported.

Iran also intends to extend its maritime operations beyond the strait into the Gulf of Oman and waters farther afield, including areas off Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, the Iranian officials told Reuters.

Maritime-security sources reviewing reports from the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) center and regional security companies said attacks in waters off the two Gulf states suggested the expansion was already underway.

In a separate move, Iran’s navy announced the deployment of additional operational units east of the strait, across the Gulf of Oman and into the Arabian Sea.

Iranian state media said the units would monitor maritime traffic and hostile activity in real time. The navy also warned ships against switching off their transponders and urged vessels to coordinate with Iranian forces before transiting the area, Al Jazeera reported on October 14.

The tactical changes have coincided with a sharp increase in attacks. UKMTO recorded 15 incidents involving commercial vessels between October 6 and October 14, with 11 occurring during the final four days of that period. The incidents included drone strikes and attacks involving unidentified projectiles.

Two cargo vessels sank near the strait on October 14. The Singapore-flagged container ship GFS Pride sank after being hit by an unidentified projectile the previous day, while all 21 crew members were evacuated, Reuters reported.

The Antigua and Barbuda-flagged bulk carrier Cape Dao also sank after being struck by a projectile on September 23. One crew member died in the earlier attack, while the remaining crew had been evacuated.

Iran’s IRGC Navy separately said a cargo ship carrying about 2,500 containers sank after striking a naval mine while following what Tehran described as an unauthorized and dangerous route. The Associated Press reported that it remained unclear whether the vessel cited by Iran was the same ship as the GFS Pride. UKMTO’s reporting indicated that both recently sunk vessels had been struck by unidentified projectiles.

The attacks have disrupted energy shipments through the waterway. Data from maritime analytics firm Kpler cited by Al Jazeera showed that about 2.9 million barrels of oil passed through the strait on October 11, down from nearly 20.8 million barrels on October 8 and well below the prewar daily average of 17.1 million barrels.

The Strait of Hormuz carried about one-fifth of global oil and liquefied natural gas trade before the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran began on February 28. Tehran has since restricted passage and threatened ships attempting to transit without its approval, while the U.S. Navy has guided commercial vessels along a route closer to Oman’s coast.

Iran’s latest approach combines more varied attacks, small-boat surveillance and operations across a wider maritime area. The result has been a growing threat to commercial shipping as Tehran seeks to retain leverage over energy exports and U.S. policy.

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